CODE, JUSTINIAN, civil law. A collection of the constitutions of emperors, from Hadrian to Justinian; most of those from Hadrian to Constantine are only rescripts; those from Constantine to Justinian are edicts or laws, actually spoken. 2. The Code is divided into twelve books, which are divided into titles in which the constitutions are grouped under their own headings. They are arranged chronologically, but often disjointed. At the top of each constitution is the name of the emperor, who is the author, and that of the person to whom it is addressed. The date is at the end. Several of these constitutions, which appeared in the code, have been lost, is suspected by the negligence of the “copyists”. Some of them have been restored by modern authors, among them Charondas, Cugas and Contius, who translated them from Greek.
At the same time, codifications have also become more common in common law systems. For example, a criminal code can be found in a number of common law jurisdictions in Australia and America and continues to be debated in England. The continental tradition of civil law has spread throughout the world in recent centuries, alongside the cultural and military domination of Europe. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan adopted a new Civil Code (1898), based mainly on the French Civil Code and influenced by the German Civil Code. After the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 in China, the new government of the Republic of China abandoned the tradition of the imperial code and instead adopted a new civil code, heavily influenced by the German civil code and the Japanese code of law. This new tradition has been largely maintained in the legal system of the People`s Republic of China since 1949. A civil code generally forms the core of civil law systems. As a general rule, the Code comprehensively covers the entire private law system. CODE, FROM LOUISIANA. In 1822, Peter Derbigny, Edward Livingston and Moreau Lislet were chosen by the Legislative Assembly to revise and amend the Civil Code and add the laws still in force that were not there. They were allowed to add a commercial law system and a code of conduct. After the adoption of the prepared code, it was promulgated in 1824 under the title “Civil Code of the State of Louisiana”.
2. The code is based on the Napoleonic Code, with correct and reasonable modifications, adapted to the state of Louisiana. It consists of three books: 1. people`s first treats; 2. the second of things and the various changes of ownership; 3. and the third of the different ways of acquiring ownership of things. It contains 3522 numbered articles from the beginning for ease of reference. 3. This code, it is said, contains many imprecise definitions. Parliament has amended and amended many provisions relating to positive legislation, but has adopted the definitions and abstract lessons of the Code without significant changes. For this reason, in addition to the difficulty inherent in the subject, the positive provisions of the Code often contradict the theoretical part that was supposed to explain them. 13 R.
L. 237. 4. This Code entered into force on 20 May. 1825. 11 R. L. 60.
It is available in English and French; and in its interpretation, it is the rule that if the expressions used in the French text of the Code are more complete than those used in English, or vice versa, the extended meaning is taken, since the two clauses thus have full effect. 2 n. p. 582. A penal code or penal code is a common feature of many legal systems. The codification of criminal law makes criminal law more accessible and democratic and modifies it. In ancient China, the first comprehensive penal code was the Tang Code, created in 624 AD during the Tang Dynasty. This imperial law and subsequent imperial laws formed the basis of the penal system of China and other East Asian states under its cultural influence. The last and best preserved imperial codex is the Great Qing Legal Code, created in 1644 after the establishment of the Qing Dynasty. This code was the exclusive and exhaustive explanation of Chinese law between 1644 and 1912.
Although it is a criminal code, much of the code deals with civil matters and the resolution of civil disputes. The Code ceased to apply with the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, but important provisions remained in force in Hong Kong until the 1970s, when it operated with the British common law system. The Code of Law was a common feature of the legal systems of the ancient Middle East. The UrukAgina law (2380-2360 BC), [2] most likely preceded by older laws yet to be discovered, the Sumerian Code of Law of your-Nammu (c. 2100-2050 BC). | the Code of Law of Eshnunna (about 100 years before Lipit-Ishtar),[3][4] the Code of Law of Lipit-Ishtar (1934–1924 BC),[5] and the Babylonian Code of Law of Hammurabi (circa 1760 BC), are among the oldest and best-preserved legal systems,[6] originating in Sumer, Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). n. a collection of written laws, which usually cover a specific subject. Thus, a state may have a civil code, a company code, an educational code, a code of evidence, health and safety codes, an insurance code, a labor code, a motor vehicle law, a penal code, a tax and tax law, etc. Federal legislation dealing with legal issues is summarized in codes. There are also laws that are not codified.
Despite their apparent permanence, the codes are constantly being amended by legislative bodies. Some codes are administrative and have the force of law, although they were created and adopted by regulatory bodies and are not really laws or laws. Civil codes are still common in the United States of America. However, these civil codes are often collections of common law rules and a variety of ad hoc statutes; That is, they do not strive for complete logical consistency. In Europe, Roman law, especially the Corpus Juris Civilis, became the basis of the legal systems of many countries. Roman law was adopted either by legislation (on positive law) or by treatment by lawyers. Recognized Roman law is then generally codified and is part of the central codex. The codification movement gained momentum after the rise of nation-states after the Peace of Westphalia. The main national civil codes are the Civil Code of 1804, the German Civil Code of 1900 and the Swiss codes. The European codifications of the 1800s influenced the codification of Catholic canon law,[7] culminating in the 1917 Code of Canon Law, which was replaced by the 1983 Code of Canon Law and whose eastern counterpart is the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.
Meanwhile, African civilizations developed their own legal traditions and sometimes codified them through consistent oral traditions, as evidenced by the Kurukan Fouga, a charter proclaimed by the Mali Empire in 1222-1236 that enumerates regulations in constitutional and civil matters and is still transmitted under oath by the griots to this day. [8] A code of law, also known as a code or code of law, is a type of law that is intended to comprehensively cover, through a codification process, a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was published. [1] Although the process and motivations for codification are similar in different common law and civil law systems, their use is different.