n. invasion of another`s privacy without just cause that could give the person whose privacy has been violated the right to bring an action for damages against the person or entity that invaded. However, public figures are not protected in most situations, as they have already made themselves public and their activities (even personal and sometimes intimate) are considered worthy of interest, i.e. of legitimate public interest. However, an otherwise non-public person has a right to privacy against: (a) intrusion into his or her own solitude or private affairs; (b) public disclosure of embarrassing private information; (c) advertising that puts him in a bad light in public; (d) the appropriation of his name or image for personal or commercial purposes. Lawsuits have been filed following magazine articles about obscure geniuses, the use of a woman`s name on a hospital insurance form to obtain insurance payment for the birth of a lover`s baby, the unauthorized use of a girl`s photo to promote a photographer, and the tabloid journalistic treatment of people as monsters. There are also many cases of government invasions, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which compiles files on individuals considered political opponents, partially corrected by the passage of the Freedom of Information Act in 1966. The right to privacy originated in an article in the Harvard Law Review in the 1890s, written by lawyers “Bull” Warren and future Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis. States with potentially hostile neighbours usually take defensive measures to delay or prevent an invasion. In addition to the use of geographical barriers such as rivers, swamps or rugged terrain, these measures in the past also included fortifications. Such a defence can be used to actively prevent invading forces from entering the country through an extensive and well-defended barrier; The Great Wall of China, Hadrian`s Wall and the Danevirke are famous examples.
These barriers also included trench lines and, more recently, minefields, cameras and motion-sensitive sensors. [3] However, these barriers may require significant military force to provide defence and maintain equipment and positions, which can impose a heavy economic burden on the country. Some of these techniques can also be used against defenders to prevent them from escaping or refueling. During Operation Starvation, Allied forces used airmines to seriously disrupt Japanese logistical operations within their own borders. [4] An invasion is a military offensive in which large numbers of fighters from a geopolitical entity aggressively invade territories belonging to another such entity, usually with the aim of conquering; Release or restoration of control or authority over a territory; forcing the division of a country; change the established government or obtain concessions from that government; or a combination of both. An invasion can be the cause of a war, part of a larger strategy to end a war, or it can be an entire war in itself. Because of the large scale of operations associated with invasions, they are generally strategic in planning and execution. [ref.
needed] In most invasions, even in modern times, many fresh supplies are collected from the invaded areas themselves. Before the laws of war, invaders often relied heavily on the supplies they would gain by conquering cities along the way. During the Second Punic War, for example, Hannibal distracted his army to conquer cities just to gather provisions; his strategy for crossing the Alps required him to travel with as few provisions as possible, expecting Roman supplies to supply them when they crossed the border. [11] The scorched earth tactic used in Russia forced Napoleon to withdraw his forces for lack of food and shelter. Today, the Land War Act prohibits the looting and confiscation of private property, but local supplies, especially perishable goods, are still purchased when possible for the occupying forces, and aircraft often use parachutes to drop supplies to besieged forces. Even if the rules become stricter, the necessities of war become more numerous; In addition to food, shelter and ammunition, today`s military needs fuel, batteries, mechanical spare parts, electronics and much more. In the United States, the Defense Logistics Agency employs more than 22,000 civilians with a single logistical support task, and 30,000 soldiers graduate from the U.S. Army Logistics Management College each year. [12] Apart from the work of Samuel Johnson, other dictionaries confirm this understanding.
Nathan Bailey`s famous legal dictionary, which Johnson used as his primary source of information for himself, also supports this conception of the term. According to the printing of the 1763 work, an invasion meant “to attack or attack.” “Posing” means performing a sudden and unexpected physical attack, and the term is still used today. Similarly, another dictionary printed by John Bevis in 1753 records that an invasion meant “to invade by force” or “seize and seize.” Whatever one`s personal position on immigration and military policy, the founders` understanding of the “invasion” did not refer to simple travel or immigration from one country to another. On the contrary, the most important English dictionary available, the most widely used legal dictionary in the U.S. states, and other popular dictionaries of the time all considered the term to be the projection of a physical attack. Therefore, the ability to militarize U.S. borders to stop peaceful migration is not explicitly granted by the originally ratified version of the Constitution. This article was originally published in 2009. Eric P. Robinson is a lawyer and academic who focuses on legal issues related to media, including the Internet and social media.
He is currently an adjunct professor at the University of South Carolina`s School of Journalism and Mass Communication and an attorney for Fenno Law in Charleston/Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, which focuses on media and internet law. The following examples of a full-blown air invasion are the Battle of Crete, Operation Thursday (the second Chindit operation during the Burma Campaign) and Operation Market Garden. The latter was an attack on the German-occupied Netherlands, which was carried out in September 1944. Nearly 35,000 men were dropped into enemy territory by parachutes and gliders to capture the German bridges and make way for the Allied advance. However, even with such a massive force that completely surprised the Germans, the attack was a tactical failure and after 9 days of fighting, the Allies only managed to return to their own lines after suffering more than 18,000 casualties. [9] In the 21st century, with huge improvements in air defenses, it seems that air invasion is a strategy whose time may never come. Alternatively, fortifications can be built in a number of places, such as castles or fortresses near a border. These structures are designed to delay an invasion long enough for the defending nation to mobilize an army of sufficient size for defense or, in some cases, a counter-invasion – such as the Maginot Line. Forts can be positioned so that garrisons can stop the supply lines of the invaders. The theory behind these distributed forts is that the intruder cannot afford to bypass these defenses and must therefore besiege the structures. [5] Before the days of package holidays and low-cost airlines, military invasions functioned as a standard form of prototourism[2] – bringing large numbers of foreign visitors into new environments, with the resulting social, cultural and economic impact on indigenous peoples and invaders.